Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS Systems
User Manual

2.3.2 PLI Command Qualifiers

This section describes the qualifiers available with the PLI command. Command qualifiers request processing choices by the compiler. You can specify qualifiers to the PLI command after the command or after a file specification. See Section 2.3.1 for information on using file specifications with qualifiers.

Table 2-1 summarizes the qualifiers and indicates the differences between their use with the Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS VAX and Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS Alpha compilers.

Table 2-1 Command Qualifiers
Qualifier Default Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS VAX and Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS Alpha
Differences

/ALIGN[=option] /NOALIGN Qualifier options differ

/ANALYSIS_DATA[=file-spec] /NOANALYSIS_DATA VAX only

/CHECK /NOCHECK None

/CROSS_REFERENCE /NOCROSS_REFERENCE None

/DATA[=option] /DATA=NATIVE AXP only

/DEBUG[=option] /DEBUG=TRACEBACK Qualifier options differ

/[NO]DESIGN[=option] /NODESIGN VAX only

/[NO]DIAGNOSTICS[=file-spec] /NODIAGNOSTICS VAX only

/ERROR_LIMIT[=n] /ERROR_LIMIT=100 None

/FIXED_BINARY[=p] /FIXED_BINARY=31 None

/FLOAT[=option] /FLOAT=D_FLOAT AXP only

/G_FLOAT /NOG_FLOAT None

/GRANULARITY[=option] /GRANULARITY=QUADWORD AXP only

/[NO]LIST[=file-spec] /NOLIST (interactive)
/LIST (batch) None

/MACHINE_CODE[=option] /MACHINE_CODE=
INTERSPERSED (VAX)
AFTER (AXP) Qualifier optionsand defaults differ

/[NO]OBJECT[=file-spec] /OBJECT None

/[NO]OPTIMIZE[=option] /OPTIMIZE=ALL Qualifier options differ

/SHOW[=option,...] /SHOW=NOINCLUDE Qualifier options differ

/VARIANT[=
["]alphanum_string["] /VARIANT=""
None

/WARNINGS /WARNINGS[=(option,...)] None

**Table 2-1 Command Qualifiers**
Qualifier	Default	Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS VAX and Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS Alpha Differences
/ALIGN[=option]	/NOALIGN	Qualifier options differ
/ANALYSIS_DATA[=file-spec]	/NOANALYSIS_DATA	VAX only
/CHECK	/NOCHECK	None
/CROSS_REFERENCE	/NOCROSS_REFERENCE	None
/DATA[=option]	/DATA=NATIVE	AXP only
/DEBUG[=option]	/DEBUG=TRACEBACK	Qualifier options differ
/[NO]DESIGN[=option]	/NODESIGN	VAX only
/[NO]DIAGNOSTICS[=file-spec]	/NODIAGNOSTICS	VAX only
/ERROR_LIMIT[=n]	/ERROR_LIMIT=100	None
/FIXED_BINARY[=p]	/FIXED_BINARY=31	None
/FLOAT[=option]	/FLOAT=D_FLOAT	AXP only
/G_FLOAT	/NOG_FLOAT	None
/GRANULARITY[=option]	/GRANULARITY=QUADWORD	AXP only
/[NO]LIST[=file-spec]	/NOLIST (interactive) /LIST (batch)	None
/MACHINE_CODE[=option]	/MACHINE_CODE= INTERSPERSED (VAX) AFTER (AXP)	Qualifier optionsand defaults differ
/[NO]OBJECT[=file-spec]	/OBJECT	None
/[NO]OPTIMIZE[=option]	/OPTIMIZE=ALL	Qualifier options differ
/SHOW[=option,...]	/SHOW=NOINCLUDE	Qualifier options differ
/VARIANT[= ["]alphanum_string["]	/VARIANT=""	None
/WARNINGS	/WARNINGS[=(option,...)]	None

Certain pairs of command qualifiers, as follows, are mutually exclusive and therefore should not be used together in the same command line:

/FLOAT and /G_FLOAT
/DATA and /ALIGN
/DATA and /FIXED_BINARY

The remainder of this section explains each qualifier and its options individually.

/ALIGN[=option]

/NOALIGN (default)
Controls alignment of data within structures and aligned bit strings. If you specify /ALIGN on a VAX system, data is aligned on the natural byte boundary of the specified data type, as shown in Table 2-2. If you specify /NOALIGN, the default, data is aligned on the next available byte boundary.
Two options are provided for Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS Alpha only: packed and natural.
If you specify /ALIGN=natural, data is aligned on the natural byte boundary of the specified data type, as shown in Table 2-2. If you specify /ALIGN=packed, data is aligned on the next available byte boundary. If you specify /ALIGN with no keyword, the default is /ALIGN=natural.

Table 2-2 Natural Data Alignment
Data Type Data Size Alignment

fixed bin (p) p <= 7 byte

fixed bin (p) 7 < p <= 15 word

fixed bin (p) p > 15 longword

fixed dec (p,q) word

float bin (p) p <= 24 longword

float bin (p) 24 < p <= 53 quadword

float bin (p) p > 53 octaword

float dec (p) p <= 7 longword

float dec (p) 7 < p <= 15 quadword

float dec (p) p > 15 octaword

char N/A byte

char aligned N/A byte

char varying N/A word

bit N/A bit

bit aligned N/A longword

pointer varies longword

area N/A longword

label varies quadword

entry varies quadword

file varies longword

structure varies max of members

picture N/A byte

offset varies longword

/ANALYSIS_DATA[=file-spec](OpenVMS VAX)

/NOANALYSIS_DATA (default)
Controls whether the compiler generates a file of source code analysis information. The default file name is the file name of the primary source file; the default file type is ANA.
/CHECK

/NOCHECK (default)
Controls the checking of array subscripts and of positional references in arguments to the SUBSTR built-in function. If you specify /CHECK, the compiler checks for the following conditions:

Whether each reference to the SUBSTR built-in function or pseudovariable lies within the string's current length
Whether each reference to an array specifies subscripts that are within the bounds declared for the array
Whether all string lengths are nonnegative and whether all array extents are positive

The default is /NOCHECK. /CHECK is useful primarily during initial program debugging; it results in the generation of additional code and, consequently, a slower program.
Specifying /CHECK is equivalent to specifying /CHECK=ALL or the attribute /CHECK=BOUNDS. Likewise, /NOCHECK is the equivalent of specifying /CHECK=NONE or the attribute /CHECK=NOBOUNDS.
/CROSS_REFERENCE

/NOCROSS_REFERENCE (default)
Specifies whether the compiler is to generate, in the listing file, alphabetical cross-references for variable names. If you specify /CROSS_REFERENCE, the compiler lists all variable names, including all members of structures as separate entities in an alphabetical cross-reference listing. The cross-reference entry for each structure member also lists the name of the structure that contains the member. The listing contains the line numbers of the lines on which all variables are referenced.
Note that you must specify /SHOW=MAP with /CROSS_REFERENCE. The full specification is as follows:
$ PLI/LIST/SHOW=MAP/CROSS_REFERENCE file.PLI
By default, the compiler does not include cross-references in the listing.
/DATA[=option] (OpenVMS Alpha)
Specifies the integer size and whether alignment is enabled. You can select the following options:

NATIVE Sets the integer size to 32 and enables /ALIGNMENT; equivalent to ALPHA_AXP32 and MIPS.

VAX Sets the integer size to 32 and enables /NOALIGNMENT.

ALPHA_AXP32 Sets the integer size to 32 and enables /ALIGNMENT.

MIPS Sets the integer size to 32 and enables /ALIGNMENT.

/DEBUG[=option]

/DEBUG=TRACEBACK (default)
Requests that information be included in the object module for use with the OpenVMS Debugger.
It is strongly recommended that you use the /NOOPTIMIZE qualifier when you use the /DEBUG qualifier. Optimization can cause confusing results during a debugging session.
When /DEBUG is specified, the compiler generates small routines that are used only by the debugger. When the program is linked with /NODEBUG, these routines will still be included in the program but will not be used. For this reason it is recommended that final versions of programs be recompiled with /NODEBUG (which is the default).
You can select the following options:

ALL Includes symbol table records and traceback records. /DEBUG is equivalent to /DEBUG=ALL.

SYMBOLS Includes the symbol definitions for all identifiers in the compilation. This is the default for symbols if the /DEBUG qualifier is used.

NOSYMBOLS Does not include symbol definitions. Without symbol definitions, traceback is done according to virtual address.

TRACEBACK Includes only traceback records. This is the default if the /DEBUG qualifier is not present on the command.

NOTRACEBACK Does not include traceback records.

INLINE (OpenVMS VAX only) Generates debug information to cause a STEP command to STEP/INTO an inlined function call.

NOINLINE (OpenVMS VAX only) Generates debug information to cause a STEP command to STEP/OVER an inlined function call.

NONE Does not include any debugging information. Use this option to exclude all debug information from thoroughly debugged program modules. /NODEBUG is equivalent to /DEBUG=NONE.

/DESIGN[=option](OpenVMS VAX)

/NODESIGN (default)
Controls whether the compiler processes the source file as a detailed design, in conjunction with the DECset Program Design Facility (PDF). The /DESIGN qualifier requires that the /ANALYSIS_DATA qualifier also be specified.
If you specify the /DESIGN qualifier, the compiler modifies its parsing and semantics according to the optional keywords you supply. The design information is added to the SCA Analysis Data File (.ANA).
You can select from the following options:

[NO]COMMENTS COMMENTS, the default, directs the compiler to search inside comment fields for program design information. Specifying the option NOCOMMENTS omits this searching.

[NO]PLACEHOLDERS PLACEHOLDERS, the default, directs the compiler to treat LSE placeholders in proper contexts within the program as valid syntax. Specifying NOPLACEHOLDERS causes the compiler to treat all LSE placeholders as invalid syntax.

The options are mutually independent. Specifying /DESIGN without naming an option is equivalent to /DESIGN=(COMMENTS,PLACEHOLDERS). You can exclude both options by specifying /NODESIGN or by omitting the qualifier. To select one option and exclude the other, you must specify /DESIGN=NOCOMMENTS or /DESIGN=NOPLACEHOLDERS.
/DIAGNOSTICS[=file-spec] (OpenVMS VAX)

/NODIAGNOSTICS (default)
Controls whether the compiler produces a diagnostics file, which contains compiler messages and diagnostic information.
The file type .DIA is the default file type for a diagnostics file. The diagnostics file is used by Hewlett Packard layered products such as LSE.
/ERROR_LIMIT[=n]

/NOERROR_LIMIT
Permits you to specify the number of errors acceptable during program compilation. For example, if you specify /ERROR_LIMIT=5, then compilation terminates with the sixth error. By default, compilation terminates when the number of errors exceeds 100, but /NOERROR_LIMIT raises the default number to 1000. The maximum number of error messages permitted by the system is 32,767.
All error messages (excluding warning messages) are counted toward the error limit. A fatal error message immediately terminates the compilation.
/FIXED_BINARY[=p]
This qualifier sets the default precision of fixed-binary variables. You can specify either 15 or 31 as the value of p. If you omit this qualifier or specify it without a precision value, the default precision of fixed-binary variables is 31. Normally, /FIXED_BINARY=15 is specified when compiling for a system whose memory words are 16 bits long.
/FLOAT[=option] (OpenVMS Alpha)
For Alpha computers, specifies the default representation of floating-point variables. Precision depends upon whether the variable is binary or decimal. See the Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS Systems Reference Manual for more information.
For floating-point variables with a precision in the range 1 through 24, the default format is F. Use /FLOAT=IEEE_FLOAT to specify S_FLOAT as the format. For floating-point variables with a precision in the range 25 to 53, the default format is D. Use /FLOAT=IEEE_FLOAT to specify T_FLOAT as the format, or use /FLOAT=G_FLOAT to specify G_FLOAT as the format.

Note
The qualifiers /FLOAT and /G_FLOAT are mutually exclusive and should not be used in the same command line.

/G_FLOAT

/NOG_FLOAT (default)
For systems equipped with the appropriate hardware option, specifies the default representation of floating-point variables, depending upon whether the variable is binary or decimal.
By default, the compiler uses D (double-precision) floating point. Specify /G_FLOAT to override this default and to request the compiler to use the (G-floating-point) type for these variables.

Note
The qualifiers /FLOAT and /G_FLOAT are mutually exclusive and should not be used in the same command line.

The default and maximum precisions for all floating-point formats are summarized in the Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS Systems Reference Manual.
/GRANULARITY[=option] (OpenVMS Alpha)
Specifies the smallest unit of data that can be cached in a register. The following options are available:

byte
longword
quadword

For example, quadword granularity would mean that the Alpha system would cache quadword values in registers. The default granularity is quadword.
/LIST[=file-spec] (batch default)

/NOLIST (interactive default)
Controls whether a listing file is produced.
When /LIST is in effect, the compiler gives a listing file the same file name as the source file and a file type of .LIS.
If you specify a file specification with /LIST, the compiler uses that file specification to override the default values applied.
/MACHINE_CODE[=option]

/NOMACHINE_CODE (default)
Controls whether the listing file produced by the compiler includes a listing of the machine code generated during the compilation.
You can select the following options:

AFTER (OpenVMS Alpha) Puts machine code after the source code (the default if /MACHINE_CODE is specified on an OpenVMS Alpha system)

BEFORE Puts machine code before the source code

INTERSPERSED (OpenVMS VAX) Intersperses source and machine code (the default if /MACHINE_CODE is specified on a VAX machine)

No machine code is generated if /NOOBJECT is specified; thus, if /NOOBJECT/MACHINE_CODE are specified together, no machine code listing is generated.
/OBJECT[=file-spec] (default)

/NOOBJECT
Controls whether the compiler produces object modules. By default, the compiler produces an object module with the same file name as the source file and a file type of OBJ.
Specify /NOOBJECT when you want to compile a program only to obtain a listing or when you want the compiler only to check the source program for errors and display diagnostic messages. The compiler can compile code more rapidly if it does not need to create an object module.
/OPTIMIZE[=(option,...)]

/NOOPTIMIZE
Controls the optimization performed by the compiler.
On a VAX system, you can select one or more of the options listed in Table 2-3. By default, all possible optimizations are performed. If you specify /OPTIMIZE with any options, the other options are not affected. For example, /OPTIMIZE=NOPEEPHOLE disables the PEEPHOLE option but leaves all other options enabled. Note that if you specify NOCOMMON_SUBEXPRESSION with the /OPTIMIZE qualifier to the PLI command, NORESULT_INCORPORATION is implied.

Table 2-3 Compiler Optimization Options for VAX Systems
Option Description

ALL Performs all optimizations. This is equivalent to /OPTIMIZE and is the default.

[NO]COMMON_SUBEXPRESSIONS Eliminates or does not eliminate common subexpressions.

[NO]DISJOINT Places or does not place local variables in multiple registers.

[NO]INLINE Provides or does not provide automatic inline expansion of procedures to provide optimized code.

[NO]INVARIANT Removes or does not remove invariant expressions from loops.

[NO]LOCALS_IN_REGISTERS Places or does not place local variables in registers.

[NO]PEEPHOLE Performs or does not perform pattern replacement on the generated machine code.

[NO]RESULT_INCORPORATION Collapses or does not collapse binary arithmetic operations into 3-operand instructions.

On an OpenVMS Alpha system, you can specify a value for the options listed in Table 2-4.

Table 2-4 Compiler Optimization Options for OpenVMS Alpha Systems
Option Description

LEVEL=n Specifies the level of optimization based on a value from 0 to 5. Zero (0) specifies no optimization and is equivalent to /NOOPTIMIZE. The default value for LEVEL is 4.

UNROLL=n Specifies the number of times to unroll loops, based on a value from 1 to 16. If the /UNROLL option is not specified, a default unroll amount of 4 is used. LEVEL must be specified as 3 or greater to enable loop unrolling.

INLINE=NONE Suppresses all inlining

INLINE=MANUAL Inlines the calls you explicitly request to be inlined

INLINE=AUTOMATIC Inlines the calls in the MANUAL category and any additional calls that improve performance

INLINE=ALL Optimizes every call that is possible to inline while still generating correct code.

Each subsequent level of optimization includes the optimizations from all lower levels. The levels of optimization are as follows:

0 - No optimizations performed. The only code transformations performed are block reordering, and intermediate language and final peepholes.
1 - Optimizations performed that do not seriously affect readability or debugging. This includes common subexpression and register history, and user-directed inlining.
2 - Optimizations performed that do not increase code size. This includes code motion, strength reduction, induction variables, test replacement, split lifetime analysis, and intermediate language and final scheduling.
3 - All optimizations performed except automatic inlining, including while-repeat transformations, loop unrolling, and final code replication.
4 - Full optimization, including automatic inlining. This is the default optimization level.
5 - Full optimization, as in level 4, but with more agressive inlining. This allows you to indicate that speed is more important than size.

/SHOW[=(option,...)]
Sets or cancels specific compilation listing options. You can select or cancel any of the options listed in Table 2-5.

Table 2-5 Compiler Listing Options
Option Function

ALL Includes the contents of all files and modules in the program listing.

NONE Does not include the contents of any of the files and modules in the program listing.

[NO]INCLUDE Includes or does not include the contents of INCLUDE files and modules in the program listing.

[NO]DICTIONARY Includes or does not include the contents of Common Data Dictionary (CDD) record modules in the program listing.

[NO]MAP Includes or does not include the storage map of the compiled program in the program listing. The storage map includes a list of all external entry points, the size and attributes of all variables that are referenced in the program, and a program section summary and procedure definition map.

[NO]SOURCE Includes or does not include the source program statements in the program listing.

[NO]TERMINAL Displays or does not display compilation messages to SYS$OUTPUT at compile time.

[NO]STATISTICS Includes or does not include performance statistics in the program listing.

[NO]HEADER Includes or does not include file headers in the program listing.

[NO]TRACE Includes or does not include each step of preprocessor replacement and rescanning.

[NO]EXPANSION Includes or does not include the final replacement values for preprocessor variables.

The following options are enabled by default:

NOINCLUDE
NOMAP
NODICTIONARY
SOURCE
TERMINAL
HEADER
NOSTATISTICS
NOTRACE
NOEXPANSION

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Data Type	Data Size	Alignment
fixed bin (p)	p <= 7	byte
fixed bin (p)	7 < p <= 15	word
fixed bin (p)	p > 15	longword
fixed dec (p,q)		word
float bin (p)	p <= 24	longword
float bin (p)	24 < p <= 53	quadword
float bin (p)	p > 53	octaword
float dec (p)	p <= 7	longword
float dec (p)	7 < p <= 15	quadword
float dec (p)	p > 15	octaword
char	N/A	byte
char aligned	N/A	byte
char varying	N/A	word
bit	N/A	bit
bit aligned	N/A	longword
pointer	varies	longword
area	N/A	longword
label	varies	quadword
entry	varies	quadword
file	varies	longword
structure	varies	max of members
picture	N/A	byte
offset	varies	longword

NATIVE	Sets the integer size to 32 and enables /ALIGNMENT; equivalent to ALPHA_AXP32 and MIPS.
VAX	Sets the integer size to 32 and enables /NOALIGNMENT.
ALPHA_AXP32	Sets the integer size to 32 and enables /ALIGNMENT.
MIPS	Sets the integer size to 32 and enables /ALIGNMENT.

ALL	Includes symbol table records and traceback records. /DEBUG is equivalent to /DEBUG=ALL.
SYMBOLS	Includes the symbol definitions for all identifiers in the compilation. This is the default for symbols if the /DEBUG qualifier is used.
NOSYMBOLS	Does not include symbol definitions. Without symbol definitions, traceback is done according to virtual address.
TRACEBACK	Includes only traceback records. This is the default if the /DEBUG qualifier is not present on the command.
NOTRACEBACK	Does not include traceback records.
INLINE (OpenVMS VAX only)	Generates debug information to cause a STEP command to STEP/INTO an inlined function call.
NOINLINE (OpenVMS VAX only)	Generates debug information to cause a STEP command to STEP/OVER an inlined function call.
NONE	Does not include any debugging information. Use this option to exclude all debug information from thoroughly debugged program modules. /NODEBUG is equivalent to /DEBUG=NONE.

[NO]COMMENTS	COMMENTS, the default, directs the compiler to search inside comment fields for program design information. Specifying the option NOCOMMENTS omits this searching.
[NO]PLACEHOLDERS	PLACEHOLDERS, the default, directs the compiler to treat LSE placeholders in proper contexts within the program as valid syntax. Specifying NOPLACEHOLDERS causes the compiler to treat all LSE placeholders as invalid syntax.

AFTER (OpenVMS Alpha)	Puts machine code after the source code (the default if /MACHINE_CODE is specified on an OpenVMS Alpha system)
BEFORE	Puts machine code before the source code
INTERSPERSED (OpenVMS VAX)	Intersperses source and machine code (the default if /MACHINE_CODE is specified on a VAX machine)

Option	Description
ALL	Performs all optimizations. This is equivalent to /OPTIMIZE and is the default.
[NO]COMMON_SUBEXPRESSIONS	Eliminates or does not eliminate common subexpressions.
[NO]DISJOINT	Places or does not place local variables in multiple registers.
[NO]INLINE	Provides or does not provide automatic inline expansion of procedures to provide optimized code.
[NO]INVARIANT	Removes or does not remove invariant expressions from loops.
[NO]LOCALS_IN_REGISTERS	Places or does not place local variables in registers.
[NO]PEEPHOLE	Performs or does not perform pattern replacement on the generated machine code.
[NO]RESULT_INCORPORATION	Collapses or does not collapse binary arithmetic operations into 3-operand instructions.

Option	Description
LEVEL=n	Specifies the level of optimization based on a value from 0 to 5. Zero (0) specifies no optimization and is equivalent to /NOOPTIMIZE. The default value for LEVEL is 4.
UNROLL=n	Specifies the number of times to unroll loops, based on a value from 1 to 16. If the /UNROLL option is not specified, a default unroll amount of 4 is used. LEVEL must be specified as 3 or greater to enable loop unrolling.
INLINE=NONE	Suppresses all inlining
INLINE=MANUAL	Inlines the calls you explicitly request to be inlined
INLINE=AUTOMATIC	Inlines the calls in the MANUAL category and any additional calls that improve performance
INLINE=ALL	Optimizes every call that is possible to inline while still generating correct code.

Option	Function
ALL	Includes the contents of all files and modules in the program listing.
NONE	Does not include the contents of any of the files and modules in the program listing.
[NO]INCLUDE	Includes or does not include the contents of INCLUDE files and modules in the program listing.
[NO]DICTIONARY	Includes or does not include the contents of Common Data Dictionary (CDD) record modules in the program listing.
[NO]MAP	Includes or does not include the storage map of the compiled program in the program listing. The storage map includes a list of all external entry points, the size and attributes of all variables that are referenced in the program, and a program section summary and procedure definition map.
[NO]SOURCE	Includes or does not include the source program statements in the program listing.
[NO]TERMINAL	Displays or does not display compilation messages to SYS$OUTPUT at compile time.
[NO]STATISTICS	Includes or does not include performance statistics in the program listing.
[NO]HEADER	Includes or does not include file headers in the program listing.
[NO]TRACE	Includes or does not include each step of preprocessor replacement and rescanning.
[NO]EXPANSION	Includes or does not include the final replacement values for preprocessor variables.

Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS SystemsUser Manual

2.3.2 PLI Command Qualifiers

/ALIGN[=option]

/NOALIGN (default)

/ANALYSIS_DATA[=file-spec](OpenVMS VAX)

/NOANALYSIS_DATA (default)

/CHECK

/NOCHECK (default)

/CROSS_REFERENCE

/NOCROSS_REFERENCE (default)

/DATA[=option] (OpenVMS Alpha)

/DEBUG[=option]

/DEBUG=TRACEBACK (default)

/DESIGN[=option](OpenVMS VAX)

/NODESIGN (default)

/DIAGNOSTICS[=file-spec] (OpenVMS VAX)

/NODIAGNOSTICS (default)

/ERROR_LIMIT[=n]

/NOERROR_LIMIT

/FIXED_BINARY[=p]

/FLOAT[=option] (OpenVMS Alpha)

/G_FLOAT

/NOG_FLOAT (default)

/GRANULARITY[=option] (OpenVMS Alpha)

/LIST[=file-spec] (batch default)

/NOLIST (interactive default)

/MACHINE_CODE[=option]

/NOMACHINE_CODE (default)

/OBJECT[=file-spec] (default)

/NOOBJECT

/OPTIMIZE[=(option,...)]

/NOOPTIMIZE

/SHOW[=(option,...)]

Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS Systems
User Manual