Software Product Description

Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS

November 2003

This SPD describes the following two products:

Kednos PL/I Version 3.8 for OpenVMS VAX
Kednos PL/I Version 4.4 for OpenVMS Alpha

The general description section describes features common to both products. Within the context of the general description both products will be referred to as Kednos PL/I. The differences in product functionality are indicated in separate sections that follow.

1 DESCRIPTION

Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS VAX and Alpha are products of Kednos Corporation.

Kednos PL/I is an extended implementation of the ANSI X3.74 1981, American National Standard PL/I General Purpose Subset. Kednos PL/I extensions include compatibility features with industry standard implementations and ANSI full language features as well as OpenVMS system-specific features. Kednos PL/I consists of a shareable compiler, a HELP facility, and a system interface library which includes declarations for system routines. The Kednos PL/I compiler runs under the OpenVMS Operating System and generates optimized, position-independent machine code.

Kednos PL/I is a comprehensive and powerful programming language that supports scientific computation, commercial data handling and data organization, and extensive string manipulation. The block-structuring provided by the PL/I language helps to reduce the costs of program development and support.

Kednos PL/I allows access to Oracle CDD. A compile-time preprocessor facility allows language extension and conditional compilation. All OpenVMS System Services, the Common Run-Time Library, and system utilities are available through the PL/I CALL statement. A library of predefined ENTRY declarations provided with Kednos PL/I minimizes the coding required to use OpenVMS system services, the Common Run-Time Library, and many system utilities.

Features

• Support for CDD/Repository, allowing Kednos PL/I programmers to extract a designate CDD/Repository record description node and represent the record as a PL/I structure declaration. CDD/Repository structure declarations may be optionally included in the compiler listing.
• Support for the following data types:
  
  Binary integer (FIXED BINARY), floating point (FLOAT BINARY, FLOAT DECIMAL), decimal (FIXED DECIMAL), fixed or varying length character strings (CHARACTER [VARYING]), fixed length bit strings (BIT), edited numeric data in character format (PICTURE), address manipulation (AREA, OFFSET, and POINTER), entry point (ENTRY), label with an optional subscript (LABEL), and condition (CONDITION).
• An assignment operator that operates on equivalent structures or arrays of data as well as scalar variables. A scalar can be assigned to an entire array.
• Support for all OpenVMS RMS file organizations (sequential, relative, and indexed), and access methods (sequential, direct, and keyed). A set of ENVIRONMENT options provides access to a large subset of RMS features. The OPTIONS option on READ provides extended control of record locking.
• Five storage classes:
  • AUTOMATIC: Variables are allocated upon block entry.
  • STATIC: Variables are allocated at compile time. Static data can be EXTERNAL or globally shared. The GLOBALDEF attribute provides program section (PSECT) control of data.
  • DEFINED: Variables are overlaid upon existing variables.
  • BASED: Variable allocation is dynamically controlled by the programmer.
  • CONTROLLED: Variables are allocated and freed dynamically as generations. Only the most recent generation is available to the programmer.
• INITIAL values may be specified for AUTOMATIC, BASED, CONTROLLED, and STATIC variables.
• A REFER option is available for the creation of dynamically self-defining based structures. This option may be specified for any or all bounds and extents for structure members which are arrays, bit strings, character strings, or areas.
• ALLOCATE statement with the SET and IN options for explicit dynamic storage allocation.
  • FREE space previously allocated by the ALLOCATE statement
  • POINTER and OFFSET data types for address manipulation of scalar and aggregate data
  • AREA as an address base for variables of OFFSET type with language supported allocation and deallocation
• LIKE attribute to allow the members of a structure to be declared in terms of an already-declared structure.
• UNION attribute to declare overlaid minor structures.
• TYPE attribute to allow scalars, arrays, or members of a structure to be declared in terms of already declared scalars, arrays, and structures.
• A powerful set of structured program control statements.
  • DO statement with TO, BY, WHILE, UNTIL, and REPEAT options
  • LEAVE statement to transfer control out of one or more levels of containing DO-groups
  • SELECT-WHEN-OTHERWISE group allowing CASE-like selection of a statement or statement group
  • IF...THEN...ELSE conditional statement
  • CALL statement and function reference (RETURN)
  • GOTO statement for transfer of control
  • OTHERWISE option applies to the GOTO statement
• Condition Handling
  • ON statement to establish ON-units (for AREA, CONDITION, CONVERSION, ENDFILE, ENDPAGE, KEY, UNDEFINEDFILE, FIXEDOVERFLOW, OVERFLOW, UNDERFLOW¹, ZERODIVIDE, STORAGE, STRINGRANGE, SUBSCRIPTRANGE, ERROR, FINISH, ANYCONDITION, and VAXCONDITION conditions).
  • REVERT statement to cancel ON-units.
  • RESIGNAL statement that allows conditions to be passed to other ON-units.
• Input/Output Control
  • OPEN and CLOSE file control statements.
  • READ, WRITE, DELETE, and REWRITE record-oriented I/O statements.
  • GET and PUT stream-oriented I/O statements (with FILE, STRING, EDIT, LIST, PAGE, and SKIP options).
  • ENVIRONMENT and OPTIONS clauses provide access to RMS features including a USEROPEN feature and extended record locking control.
• Program Structuring Statements
  • PROCEDURE blocks: Internal (nested) and EXTERNAL
  • BEGIN...END blocks, allowing local variable declaration
  • DO groups that provide compound statement capabilities
  • ENTRY statement that allows a routine to have multiple entry points
• Preprocessor Statements
  • %REPLACE statement for compile-time replacement of arithmetic, bit-, or character-string constants
  • %INCLUDE statement for compile-time source copying, with full library support for INCLUDE modules and default and user-specified system libraries
  • %DICTIONARY for CDD record extraction
  • %DECLARE, %ACTIVATE, %DEACTIVATE statements for declaration and control of compile-time variables
  • %DO...%END, %IF...%THEN...%ELSE, and %GOTO statements for compilation control
  • %PROCEDURE to define compile-time procedures
  • %INFORM, %WARN, %ERROR, %FATAL statements for user-generated diagnostics
  • %[NO]LIST[_ALL], %[NO]LIST_DICTIONARY, %[NO]LIST_INCLUDE, %[NO]LIST_MACHINE, and %[NO]LIST_SOURCE statements for selective listing control
  • %PAGE, %TITLE, %SBTTL statements for listing format control
• Preprocessor Expressions and Built-in Functions
• Built-In Functions
  • A full set of arithmetic functions: ABS, ADD, CEIL, DIVIDE, FLOOR, MAX, MIN, MOD, MULTIPLY, ROUND, SIGN, SUBTRACT, TRUNC
  • A full set of mathematical (transcendental) functions: ACOS, ASIN, ATAN, ATAND, ATANH, COS, COSD, COSH, EXP, LOG, LOG10, LOG2, SIN, SIND, SINH, SQRT, TAN, TAND, TANH
  • String functions: BOOL, COLLATE, COPY, EVERY, HIGH, INDEX, LENGTH, LOW, MAXLENGTH, REVERSE, SEARCH, SOME, STRING, SUBSTR, TRANSLATE, TRIM, LTRIM, RTRIM, VERIFY
  • Conversion functions: BINARY, BIT, BYTE, CHARACTER, DECIMAL, DECODE, ENCODE, FIXED, FLOAT, RANK, UNSPEC, INT, POSINT
  • Condition-handling functions: ONARGSLIST, ONCHAR, ONCODE, ONFILE, ONKEY, ONSOURCE
  • Array-handling functions: DIMENSION, HBOUND, LBOUND, PROD, SUM, ADDREL
  • Storage functions: ADDR, ALLOCATION, EMPTY, NULL, OFFSET, POINTER, SIZE, BYTESIZE
  • Timekeeping functions: DATE, DATETIME, TIME
  • File Control functions: LINENO, PAGENO
  • Pseudovariables (functions allowed on left-hand side of an assignment): INT, ONCHAR, ONSOURCE, PAGENO, POSINT, STRING, SUBSTR, UNSPEC
  • Calling mechanism support functions: DESCRIPTOR, REFERENCE, VALUE, ACTUALCOUNT, PRESENT
  • Picture Variable Validation function: VALID
• Built-in Subroutines are provided for:
  • File-handling: DISPLAY, EXTEND, FLUSH, FREE, NEXT_VOLUME, RELEASE, REWIND, SPACEBLOCK
  • Condition-handling: RESIGNAL

Other Kednos PL/I language capabilities include:

• Expressions in format lists
• Replication factors for string constants
• Preprocessor statements in any context

Compiler Options

Compile-time command qualifiers provide a variety of options:

• /[NO]ANALYSIS_DATA: Causes Source Code Analyzer component information to be generated.¹
• /[NO]ALIGN: to allow for natural data alignment for RISC machine data types.
• /[NO]CHECK: Produce extra code to check array and string references. Options: Bounds.
• /[NO]CROSS_REFERENCE: Produce an alphabetical symbol cross-reference.
• /DATA: Specifies integer size and status of alignment.²
• /[NO]DEBUG: Causes DEBUG information to be included with the object code. Options inline, traceback, symbols.
• /[NO]DIAGNOSTICS: Causes Language-Sensitive Editor component information to be generated.¹
• /[NO]FIXED BINARY: Sets the default size of fixed binary. Options: 31, 15.
• /FLOAT: Specifies the default representation of floating-point variables.²
• /[NO]G_FLOAT: Specifies the default floating point representation.
• /GRANULARITY: Specifies the smallest unit of data that can be cached in a register.²
• /[NO]LIST: Controls the production of a listing file.
• /SHOW: Selects specific listing. Options: source, CDD definitions, include files, map, statistics, trace, header, terminal, and expansion.
• /[NO]ERROR_LIMIT: Controls the compiler diagnostic message limit.
• /VARIANT: Permits specification of compilation variants.
• /[NO]MACHINE_CODE: Causes machine code to be listed with the source.
• /[NO]OBJECT: Controls the production of the object file.
• /[NO]OPTIMIZE: Controls optimizations performed by the compiler. Options: common_subexpressions, disjoint, inline, invariant, locals_in_registers, peephole, result_incorporation.
• /[NO]WARNINGS: Controls the printing of compiler warning messages. Options: noinformationals, nowarnings.
• /LIBRARY: Indicates the associated file is a library of source text modules specified by %INCLUDE statements.
• /[NO]DESIGN: Controls the generation of design information for the Program Design Facility. Options: comments, placeholders.¹

At the end of each compilation in which messages are generated, the Kednos PL/I compiler will display the number of informational, warning, and error messages.

Optimizations

Kednos PL/I generates efficient object code. Optimizations include:

• Value propagation
• Subexpression elimination
• Allocation of local variables to registers
• Removal of invariant computations from loops
• Simplification of Boolean expressions
• Extensive special case code generation
• Pattern replacement in generated code
• Inline expansion of procedure calls

Industry PL/I Compatibility

Kednos PL/I provides many of those PL/I features often used by mainframe PL/I programmers. Conversion effort depends upon the individual program and the set of PL/I features used by the programmer. Well-structured programs that do not rely on system-specific or implementation-specific features convert with a minimum of effort (from no changes to a few percent of the lines in the program). Programs that use implementation-specific features such as ENVIRONMENT and OPTIONS can require a larger conversion effort.

Kednos Corporation does not provide any special programs or other conversion aids. The user is responsible for determining the extent of any conversion effort and for providing appropriate conversion tools to convert programs and data.

• Unusual conversion requirements may be necessary if programs use the machine-dependent representation of data. The VAX and Alpha architecture organizes bytes within an integer differently than most other vendors' hardware. This can lead to different results when UNSPEC or DEFINED operations are used to convert between BIT and FIXED BINARY data.

Run-Time Library Redistribution

The Kednos PL/I kit may include updated Run-Time Library shareable images. A license may be obtained from Kednos Corporation to distribute the executable version of the Run-Time Library designated as PLIRTL.EXE (VAX) and DPLI$RTLSHR.EXE (Alpha)(the "RTL's") provided that the user:

• distribute the RTLs only in conjunction with and as a part of the user's software application product which is designed to operate in the OpenVMS environment;
• does not use the name, logo, or trademarks of Kednos Corporation to market the user's software application product;
• includes Kednos Corporation's copyright notice for Kednos PL/I on the user's product disk label and/or on the title page of the documentation for software application product; and
• agrees to indemnify, hold harmless, and defend Kednos Corporation from and against any claims or lawsuits, including attorney's fees, that arise or result from the use or distribution of the software application product. Except as expressly provided herein, Kednos Corporation grants no implied or express license under any of its patents, copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks, or any license or other proprietary interest and rights.

Kednos PL/I Special Features

As a native-mode VAX language, Kednos PL/I is integrated into the VAX common language environment. This integration provides Kednos PL/I users with support for the VAX Interlanguage Calling Standard, access to the VAX Symbolic Debugger (including support for source-line debugging), and callable interfaces to VAX utilities and optional products (such as SORT, DEC DATATRIEVE, and Oracle CODASYL DBMS).

Kednos PL/I also interfaces to the DEC Language-Sensitive Editor/Source Code Analyzer. Source programs can be written and compiled using the Language-Sensitive Editor component which has built-in intelligence about the source format of PL/I programs.

Language elements that support the VAX extended range and extended precision floating point architectural features are as follows:

• 64-bit G_floating point data type, with an 11-bit exponent and 53-bit mantissa, which provides a range of 0.56*10**-308 to 0.09*10**308 and a precision of 15 decimal digits.
• 128-bit H_floating data type, with a 15-bit exponent and a 113-bit mantissa, which provides a range of 0.84*10**-4932 to 0.59*10**4932 and a precision of 33 decimal digits.

Kednos PL/I provides support for low-level program design, including the processing of pseudo code and the extraction of design information from comments.

Kednos PL/I Version 4.4 for OpenVMS Alpha Special Features

As a native-node language, Kednos PL/I Version 4.4 for OpenVMS Alpha is integrated into the OpenVMS common language environment. This integration provides Kednos PL/I users with support for Interlanguage Calling Standard, access to the OpenVMS Debugger (including support for source-line debugging), and callable interfaces to utilities and optional products (such as SORT, DEC DATATRIEVE, and Oracle CODASYL DBMS).

Kednos PL/I also interfaces to the DEC Language-Sensitive Editor. Source programs can be written and compiled using the Language-Sensitive Editor component which has built-in intelligence about source format of PL/I programs.

Language elements that support the extended range and extended precision floating point architectural features:

• 64-bit G_floating point data type, with an 11-bit exponent and 53-bit matissa, which provides a range of 0.56*10**-308 to 0.09*10**308 and a precision of 15 decimal digits.

2 CLUSTER ENVIRONMENT

This layered product is fully supported when installed on any valid and licensed VAXcluster* configuration without restrictions.

• V5.x VAXcluster configurations are fully described in the VAXcluster Software Product Description (SPD 29.78.xx) and include CI, Ethernet, and Mixed Interconnect configurations.

For VAX Systems:

• OpenVMS VAX Operating System 5.5 or higher

For Alpha Systems:

• OpenVMS Alpha Operating System Version 6.2 or higher

OpenVMS VAX Tailoring

The following OpenVMS classes are required for full functionality of this layered product:

• OpenVMS Required Saveset
• Programming Support
• Utilities

For VAX Systems:

• DEC Language-Sensitive Editor/Source Code Analyzer
• VAX Performance and Coverage Analyzer
• CDD/Repository³

For Alpha Systems:

• DEC Language-Sensitive Editor component of the DEC Language-Sensitive Editor/Source Code Analyzer for OpenVMS Alpha Systems
• DEC Performance and Coverage Analyzer (PCA) for OpenVMS Alpha Systems

5 GROWTH CONSIDERATIONS

The minimum hardware/software requirements for any future version of this product may be different from the requirements for the current version.

6 MEDIA DISTRIBUTION

The normal distribution for Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS VAX and Alpha is via ftp over the Internet.

7 ORDERING INFORMATION

Kednos PL/I Version 3.8 for OpenVMS VAX

Software License:
Unlimited System Use: L-PLDAUAxV,
x = [ W | D | E ] Workgroup, Departmental or Enterprise
Software Media:
ftp from www.kednos.com
Software Documentation:
as above, ps, pdf and html formats available
Software Product Services: S-PLDAUAxV,
x = [ W | D | E ] Workgroup, Departmental or Enterprise

Kednos PLIRTL Version 4.4 for OpenVMS VAX

Software License:
Unlimited System Use: L-PLIRTLxV,
x = [ W | D | E ] Workgroup, Departmental or Enterprise
Software Media:
ftp from www.kednos.com
Software Documentation:
as above, ps, pdf and html formats available
Software Product Services: S-PLIRTLxV,
x = [ W | D | E ] Workgroup, Departmental or Enterprise

Kednos PL/I Version 4.4 for OpenVMS Alpha

Software License:
Unlimited System Use: L-PLDAUAxA,
x = [ W | D | E ] Workgroup, Departmental or Enterprise
Software Media:
ftp from www.kednos.com
Software Documentation:
as above, ps, pdf and html formats available
Software Product Services: S-PLDAUAxA,
x = [ W | D | E ] Workgroup, Departmental or Enterprise

Kednos PLIRTL Version 5.7 for OpenVMS Alpha

Software License:
Unlimited System Use: L-PLIRTLxA,
x = [ W | D | E ] Workgroup, Departmental or Enterprise
Software Media:
ftp from www.kednos.com
Software Documentation:
as above, ps, pdf and html formats available
Software Product Services: S-PLIRTLxA,
x = [ W | D | E ] Workgroup, Departmental or Enterprise

The above information is valid at the time of release. Please contact Kednos Corporation for the most up-to-date information.

8 SOFTWARE LICENSING

This software is furnished under the licensing terms and conditions of Kednos Corporation. For more information about the licensing terms and conditions contact Kednos Corporation directly.

License Management Facility Support

This layered product supports the OpenVMS License Management Facility.

License units for this product are allocated on an Unlimited System Use basis.

For more information on the License Management Facility, refer to the appropriate Operating System Software Product Description (SPD) or documentation.

9 SOFTWARE PRODUCT SERVICES

A variety of service options are available. Contact Kednos Corporation for more information.

10 SOFTWARE WARRANTY

Warranty for this software product is provided by Kednos Corporation with the purchase of a license for the product. This means that Kednos Corporation will remedy any nonconformance when it is reported to Kednos Corporation by the customer during the warranty period.

The warranty period is one year. It begins when the software is installed or thirty days after delivery to the end user, whichever occurs first and expires one year later. All warranty related support for this software will end one year after release of the subsequent version.

Warranty is provided in the country of purchase. Kednos Corporation will provide a service location which will accept reporting (in a format prescribed by Kednos Corporation) of a nonconformance problem caused when using the licensed software under normal conditions as defined by the SPD. Kednos Corporation will remedy a nonconformance problem in the current unaltered release of the licensed software by issuing corrections information such as: correction documentation, corrected code, or notice of availability of corrected code; or a restriction or bypass. The customer will have responsible for the preparation and submission of the problem report to the service location.

11 WARRANTY EXCLUSION

KEDNOS CORPORATION DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE SOFTWARE LICENSED TO CUSTOMER SHALL BE ERROR FREE, THAT THE SOFTWARE SHALL OPERATE WITH ANY HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE OTHER THAN AS SPECIFIED IN THIS SPD, THAT THE SOFTWARE SHALL SATISFY CUSTOMER'S OWN SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS, OR THAT COPIES OF THE SOFTWARE OTHER THAN THOSE PROVIDED OR AUTHORIZED BY KEDNOS CORPORATION SHALL CONFORM TO THIS SPD.

KEDNOS CORPORATION MAKES NO WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE FITNESS AND OPERABILITY OF MODIFICATIONS NOT MADE BY KEDNOS CORPORATION.

IF THE SOFTWARE FAILS TO FUNCTION FOR REASONS STATED ABOVE, THE CUSTOMER WARRANTY WILL BE INVALIDATED AND ALL SERVICE CALLS WILL BE BILLABLE AT THE PREVAILING PER CALL RATES.

This Software Warranty Addendum is effective for licensed software products ordered in the United States after October 1988 and supersedes all prior versions.

The above information is valid at time of release. Please contact Kednos Corporation for the most up-to-date information.

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©	2003 Kednos Corporation. All Rights Reserved.